Low morphology of sperm is classified as having largely abnormally shaped sperm. This could be instances such as misshapen head of the sperm, a misshapen tail of the sperm, or two tails present in the sperm. With abnormal or low morphology, sperm cannot swim correctly to fertilize the woman’s eggs.[1]

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While each doctor has a different criteria for morphology, the Kruger’s Strict Morphology Critieria is usually a guideline for these numbers. In Kruger’s Strict Morphology Criteria, a morphology of above 14% means the greatest potential for fertilization. Between 4% and 14% is considered normal – however, anything equal to or less than 4% is considered severely impaired.[2]

These values can be diagnosed by sperm analysis (SA) – a simple test that tests sperm after ejaculation. As morphology is only one factor for male infertility, some doctors may say morphology doesn’t matter with other great numbers. Every doctor is different, so discuss with your doctor when your SA results come in.

Some changes to your diet may help change morphology, as well as moderation in drug and alcohol intake and regular exercise.[3] If these options don’t work, there are other fertility options that may:

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• Intrauterine insemination (IUI) - for those with only slightly low morphology, IUI may be of benefit. In this procedure, sperm is washed to only “good” sperm remain, then the washed sperm is placed back into a woman for conception. For more information on IUI, please visit the IUI section in the menu above.

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• In vitro fertilization (IVF) – For those with low or severely low morphology, IVF is an option. In this procedure, a woman’s eggs are extracted and fertilized (either naturally or with intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI)). After 3 or 5 days of incubation, the surviving embryos are placed back inside the woman in hopes of conception. However, some studies have shown that there are fewer IVF fertilization rates with severely abnormal morphology.[4] Other have shown that low values are not “diagnostic” of infertility.[5] Discussing with your doctor will be the best course of action. For more information on IVF, please visit the IVF page in the menu above.

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• Donor sperm – In extreme cases, your doctor may suggest using donor sperm instead. This decision may be difficult for some. It is important to weigh all options and make sure to be emotionally okay with it. For more information on donor sperm, please visit the Donor page in the menu above.